Robotics on transpor ...

A Smart Home System is used to make houses more comfortable, safe, and energy efficient.
It allows automatic control of lights, fans, alarms, and other electrical devices.

For example, when it becomes dark, the light sensor (LDR) can automatically turn on the lights.
If the temperature in the room gets too high, the DHT11 sensor can turn on a fan.
When someone enters the room, the motion sensor (PIR) can detect movement and activate the light or an alarm.

The Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) helps connect the system to a smartphone, so the user can control home devices remotely.
A relay module is used to switch electrical appliances ON and OFF.
Sometimes a buzzer or LCD display is added to show messages or alerts.

In short, a smart home system helps people live more easily and safely by using automatic and remote control of devices.

1. Introduction

A Smart Home System is a modern technology that allows you to control and monitor household devices automatically or remotely.
With Arduino, we can build a simple version of such a system using sensors, actuators, and communication modules.

The main goal of this project is to improve comfort, energy efficiency, and safety at home.

2. Components Required

3. Working Principle

The Smart Home System collects real-time data from sensors:

• The DHT11 measures room temperature and humidity.

• The LDR detects light intensity.

• The PIR detects human movement.

Based on this data, Arduino automatically turns on or off electrical devices through the relay module.

Additionally, using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the user can monitor and control home devices remotely through a smartphone or web interface.

4. System Operation

1. Lighting Control
   The LDR sensor measures ambient light.

   • If it is dark, the Arduino turns ON the light.

   • If it’s bright, the light is turned OFF automatically.

2. Temperature Control
   The DHT11 sensor reads temperature.

   • If temperature > 28°C, the fan is turned ON.

   • When the temperature decreases, the fan turns OFF.

3. Security Monitoring
   The PIR sensor detects motion.

   • If movement is detected while the system is in “armed” mode, a buzzer sounds and an alert message can be sent via Wi-Fi.

4. Remote Control
   The ESP8266 module connects to a mobile app (e.g., Blynk or IoT dashboard).

   • The user can manually turn ON/OFF lights, fans, and other appliances using a smartphone.

5. Example Arduino Code (Simplified)

#include <DHT.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define LDR_PIN A0
#define PIR_PIN 3
#define RELAY_LIGHT 4
#define RELAY_FAN 5
#define BUZZER 6

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(LDR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(PIR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(RELAY_LIGHT, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RELAY_FAN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
  dht.begin();
}

void loop() {
  int light = analogRead(LDR_PIN);
  int motion = digitalRead(PIR_PIN);
  float temp = dht.readTemperature();

  // Light control
  if (light < 500) digitalWrite(RELAY_LIGHT, HIGH);
  else digitalWrite(RELAY_LIGHT, LOW);

  // Temperature control
  if (temp > 28) digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, HIGH);
  else digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, LOW);

  // Security alert
  if (motion == HIGH) {
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
    delay(1000);
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
  }

  delay(500);
}

6. Advantages

• ⚡ Energy saving: lights and fans work only when needed

• 🔒 Enhanced security: motion detection and alerts

• 📱 Remote control: can be operated via mobile phone

• 🌡️ Comfort: automatic adjustment of environment

• 🧠 Scalability: new sensors or features can be added easily

7. Applications

• Smart houses and apartments

• Office automation systems

• Hospitals and laboratories

• Industrial monitoring and safety systems

1. Introduction

A Smart Home System is a modern technology that allows you to control and monitor household devices automatically or remotely.
With Arduino, we can build a simple version of such a system using sensors, actuators, and communication modules.

The main goal of this project is to improve comfort, energy efficiency, and safety at home.

2. Components Required

3. Working Principle

The Smart Home System collects real-time data from sensors:

• The DHT11 measures room temperature and humidity.

• The LDR detects light intensity.

• The PIR detects human movement.

Based on this data, Arduino automatically turns on or off electrical devices through the relay module.

Additionally, using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the user can monitor and control home devices remotely through a smartphone or web interface.

4. System Operation

1. Lighting Control
   The LDR sensor measures ambient light.

   • If it is dark, the Arduino turns ON the light.

   • If it’s bright, the light is turned OFF automatically.

2. Temperature Control
   The DHT11 sensor reads temperature.

   • If temperature > 28°C, the fan is turned ON.

   • When the temperature decreases, the fan turns OFF.

3. Security Monitoring
   The PIR sensor detects motion.

   • If movement is detected while the system is in “armed” mode, a buzzer sounds and an alert message can be sent via Wi-Fi.

4. Remote Control
   The ESP8266 module connects to a mobile app (e.g., Blynk or IoT dashboard).

   • The user can manually turn ON/OFF lights, fans, and other appliances using a smartphone.

5. Example Arduino Code (Simplified)

#include <DHT.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define LDR_PIN A0
#define PIR_PIN 3
#define RELAY_LIGHT 4
#define RELAY_FAN 5
#define BUZZER 6

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(LDR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(PIR_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(RELAY_LIGHT, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RELAY_FAN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
  dht.begin();
}

void loop() {
  int light = analogRead(LDR_PIN);
  int motion = digitalRead(PIR_PIN);
  float temp = dht.readTemperature();

  // Light control
  if (light < 500) digitalWrite(RELAY_LIGHT, HIGH);
  else digitalWrite(RELAY_LIGHT, LOW);

  // Temperature control
  if (temp > 28) digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, HIGH);
  else digitalWrite(RELAY_FAN, LOW);

  // Security alert
  if (motion == HIGH) {
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
    delay(1000);
    digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
  }

  delay(500);
}

6. Advantages

• ⚡ Energy saving: lights and fans work only when needed

• 🔒 Enhanced security: motion detection and alerts

• 📱 Remote control: can be operated via mobile phone

• 🌡️ Comfort: automatic adjustment of environment

• 🧠 Scalability: new sensors or features can be added easily

7. Applications

• Smart houses and apartments

• Office automation systems

• Hospitals and laboratories

• Industrial monitoring and safety systems